Speed and Energy Investigation: Rolling Ball Ramp

4th Grade ScienceEnergy6 pages

About this worksheet

A 6-page 4th grade investigation for NGSS 4-PS3-1. Students roll a marble down a ramp propped on 1, 2 and 3 books into an upside-down paper cup, then measure how far the cup slides in centimeters. They write an if-then prediction, run three trials at each height, find the averages and draw a bar graph. Sample data (averages of 12, 24 and 38 cm) covers classes that cannot run the test. A claim, evidence, and reasoning frame and a fair test question come last, and the answer key works through the sample data.

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Curriculum objectives covered

4-PS3-1

โ€œUse evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object.โ€

The CER frame asks students to use their averages to show that the faster ball from the 3-book ramp moved the cup farther.

What's inside this worksheet

Materials and procedure

Six materials and six numbered steps, from taping down the ramp to repeating the test with 2 and 3 books.

Prediction and data table

An if-then sentence with faster or slower and shorter or longer to choose, then a table for three trials and an average at each height.

Graph and sample data

A bar graph grid that goes up to 45 cm, and sample trials such as 11, 13 and 12 cm for the 1-book ramp.

Claim, evidence, and reasoning

A three-row frame that asks students to compare the 1-book and 3-book ramps, then a question about a light plastic ball and a heavy metal ball.

Answer key

The averages, the bar heights, a model CER answer and the fair test explanation.

How teachers use it

Groups of three

Give each group one ramp. One student lets go of the ball, one watches the cup and one measures, then they swap jobs at each height.

No time for the test

Use the sample data on page 3. Students still find the averages and draw the graph, so the evidence and reasoning rows work the same way.

Before question 5

Roll a marble and a heavier ball from the same height and let students watch the cup. They see right away why every trial needs the same ball.

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