How Plants Get What They Need

5th Grade ScienceEcosystems5 pages

About this worksheet

Jan Baptist van Helmont's willow tree experiment from the 1600s drives this 5-page 5th grade reading and argument worksheet. The passage gives the real numbers: 200 pounds of dried soil, a 5-pound sapling, and five years of rainwater. The tree ends at 169 pounds while the soil loses barely two ounces. Questions in three parts move from retrieval to a claim-and-evidence argument that plants grow mostly from air and water, the idea at the center of NGSS 5-LS1-1. A final task has students correct a friend with a giant bag of dirt.

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Curriculum objectives covered

5-LS1-1

โ€œSupport an argument that plants get the materials they need for growth chiefly from air and water.โ€

Part 2 builds the argument from the soil weight and from water and carbon dioxide, and question 6 applies it to the friend's houseplant.

What's inside this worksheet

The Willow Tree Mystery

A reading passage tells how van Helmont potted a 5-pound willow in 200 pounds of dried soil, watered it for five years, and found the soil at 199 pounds and 14 ounces. It closes with photosynthesis and carbon dioxide.

Part 1: Retrieve and Infer

Four questions: the weight the tree gained, a true-or-false item on added soil, the meaning of sapling, and why van Helmont covered the pot.

Part 2: Building an Argument

Students get the claim that plants take their materials mostly from air and water. They back it with two pieces of evidence: the soil's weight and the two things plants use to build trunks and leaves.

Part 3: Evaluate and Respond

A friend wants a massive pot of dirt because a houseplant is hungry. Students use the passage to explain why the friend is wrong and what the plant needs.

How teachers use it

Science and literacy block

The passage works as a nonfiction read in a literacy lesson. Question 3 asks for the meaning of sapling from context, so the page counts toward both subjects.

Claim and evidence practice

Part 2 hands students the claim, so they can focus on choosing evidence. Use it before you ask them to write a claim of their own.

Prediction hook

Before reading, ask how much soil the willow used up in five years. Write the guesses on the board and compare them with two ounces at the end.

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